절망, 희망의 반대 상태 혹은 그렇게 느끼는 것.
에릭슨은 절망감이 인생의 주기 중 노년기에 나타나는 것이지만,
‘특히 어린 시절, 혹은 청소년 시절에 가졌어야 할 모든 상황과
극복했어야 할 장애물을 극복하지 못했을 때 생겨나는 것들이 축적되어
쓰나미처럼 몰려오는 것’이라고 했다고 합니다.
지난 삶의 어떤 시기에 대한 후회나 낙심, 잃어버린 시간에 대한 후회감.
가야 할 길은 아직 먼 것 같은데 할 수 없다고 생각되는 포기 상태, 희망 없음의 상태,
이런 멘붕(멘탈붕괴) 상태가 공부의 시기 중간 중간 찾아올 수도 있습니다.
에릭슨은 8단계의 인생 주기를 마지막 노년기부터, 어린아이가 태어나 엄마와 교류하며
희망을 갖게 되는 첫 단계까지 거꾸로 써 내려갔다고 합니다. 에릭슨의 주기에 따르면
사실 절망감은 인생의 마지막 주기에 이르러, 해결될 수도 없는 채 남아 있는 무엇에 대해
다시 되돌아갈 수도, 더 이상 무언가를 해볼 수 없는 그 마지막 시기의 것입니다.
마지막 주기에서부터 거꾸로 내려올수록 우리 모두는 언제든 희망을 가지고
다시 무언가 해볼 수 있다는 이야기를 에릭슨이 들려주는 것 같습니다. 인간에 대한 섬세하고
깊은 사랑을 가지고서요. 그러므로 절망감은 우리들에게 속한 것이 아직 아니라는 것을
함께 되새기고 싶습니다. 감동도, 의욕도, 의미도 없는 것 같은 상태가
우리에게 찾아올 때마다 항상요.
올해는 특별히 ‘마지막 시험이라고 생각하고 잘하고 싶어요’라며 글 주신 분들이 계셔서
많은 생각 끝에 희망을 이야기하는 머리말을 써보게 되었습니다. 전에 희망과 꿈에 대해
저의 상담 선생님이셨던 분께서 주신 이야기를 여기 공유하며 마무리 지으려 합니다.
“교사이고 상담가인 우리 자신에게 있어 미래와 주어진 시간에 대한 희망과 의미를
갖는 것은 중요하다. 이를 위해 우리에게는,
- 신뢰감:신뢰하는 마음을 가지고 살아가는 능력이 필요하다.
- 인내심:우리가 하는 일에 대한 희망을 지킬 수 있는 힘은 기다리고 인내할 줄 아는
태도, 지속성, 꾸준함으로 기다릴 줄 아는 지혜가 필요하다.
- 미래에 대한 예견:늘 자신을 돌아보고, 수치심이나 절망감을 갖는 것이 아니라,
희망으로 바라보며 나의, 그리고 그 사람의 가장 긍정적인 모습을 꿈꾸자.”
우리가 서로에게, 힘든 어느 순간,
‘희망의 통로(Agents of Hope)’가 될 수 있다면, 하는 소망을 가지고
2022년 5월 민쌤 드림(:
(♥ ‘희망의 통로’는 Danald Capps의 표현을 인용한 것입니다)
Part1. 각론과 누리과정
CHAPTER 01 동작 ․ 체육교육
01 동작․ 체육교육 기출경향 분석···························································· 10
02 기본운동과 동작의 요소/지각운동 요소 기출문제 분석··················· 14
03 체력의 구성요소 기출문제 분석························································· 36
04 동작교육/체육교육 교수방법 기출문제 분석···································· 52
05 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제················ 62
CHAPTER 02-1 건강교육
01 건강교육 기출경향 분석····································································· 70
02 건강관리 기출문제 분석····································································· 72
03 기본 생활습관 지도 기출문제 분석··················································· 80
04 식습관 지도 기출문제 분석································································ 82
05 정신건강 증진 기출문제 분석···························································· 88
CHAPTER 02-2 안전교육
01 안전교육 기출경향 분석····································································· 90
02 안전사고대처 및 관리 기출문제 분석················································ 94
03 안전교육 교수방법 및 접근법 기출문제 분석···································· 98
04 생활안전교육 기출문제 분석···························································· 102
05 교통안전교육 기출문제 분석···························································· 107
06 폭력 예방 및 신변보호교육 기출문제 분석····································· 116
07 약물 및 사이버 중독예방교육 기출문제 분석·································· 126
08 재난안전 교육 기출문제 분석·························································· 130
09 응급처치 기출문제 분석··································································· 136
10 관련법령 기출문제 분석··································································· 147
11 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제··············· 148
CHAPTER 03-1 언어교육(언어학 ․ 듣기와 말하기)
01 언어교육(언어학․ 듣기와 말하기) 기출경향 분석······························ 156
02 언어의 기초:언어의 형태 및 구성요소 기출문제 분석·················· 162
03 언어의 기초:언어의 기능 기출문제 분석······································· 180
04 언어습득에 대한 이론적 관점 기출문제 분석·································· 182
05 음성언어 및 내러티브 발달 기출문제 분석····································· 202
06 듣기 ․ 말하기 지도 기출문제 분석···················································· 217
07 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 227
CHAPTER 03-2 언어교육(읽기와 쓰기에 관심가지기)
01 언어교육(읽기와 쓰기에 관심가지기) 기출경향 분석························ 248
02 문해발달의 이론적 관점 기출문제 분석··········································· 253
03 한글 해독과정 기출문제 분석·························································· 268
04 읽기 발달 단계 기출문제 분석························································ 278
05 쓰기 발달 단계 기출문제 분석························································ 282
06 문해교육(문자언어 접근법) 기출문제 분석······································· 287
07 언어교육 환경 기출문제 분석·························································· 310
08 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 312
CHAPTER 03-3 문학교육
01 문학교육 기출경향 분석··································································· 330
02 문학적 요소 기출문제 분석······························································ 332
03 문학의 장르 기출문제 분석····························································· 340
04 문학교육의 접근법 기출문제 분석··················································· 352
05 그림책 읽기방법 기출문제 분석······················································ 358
06 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 361
CHAPTER 04 미술교육
01 미술교육 기출경향 분석··································································· 362
02 유아미술 발달 관련이론 기출문제 분석··········································· 368
03 미술교육의 접근방법 기출문제 분석················································ 386
04 미술수업의 형태 및 표현기법 기출문제 분석·································· 400
05 미술교육의 내용(미술적 요소와 원리) 기출문제 분석····················· 409
06 미술교육의 내용(미술 감상) 기출문제 분석····································· 423
07 미술교육의 통합적 접근 기출문제 분석··········································· 432
08 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 438
CHAPTER 05 음악교육 및 창의적 동작교육
01 음악교육 및 창의적 동작교육 기출경향 분석·································· 452
02 음악성과 음악적 요소 기출문제 분석·············································· 458
03 음악교육의 내용 기출문제 분석······················································ 474
04 세계의 음악교육 교수법 기출문제 분석··········································· 500
05 국악교육 기출문제 분석··································································· 508
06 창의적 동작교육 기출문제 분석······················································ 520
07 음악교육의 통합적 접근 기출문제 분석··········································· 532
08 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 553
CHAPTER 06-1 사회성 발달(사회화)
01 사회성 발달(사회화) 기출경향 분석·················································· 582
02 자아개념 및 정서발달 기출문제 분석·············································· 588
03 성 역할의 발달 기출문제 분석························································ 598
04 사회 인지발달 기출문제 분석·························································· 612
05 친 사회적 행동 기출문제 분석························································ 626
06 공격성 기출문제 분석······································································ 630
07 또래 관계 및 갈등중재 기출문제 분석············································ 638
08 도덕성 발달 기출문제 분석····························································· 646
09 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 658
CHAPTER 06-2 사회교육
01 사회교육 기출경향 분석··································································· 698
02 사회교육 내용 기출문제 분석·························································· 704
03 사회교육 교수방법 기출문제 분석··················································· 730
04 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 756
CHAPTER 07-1 과학교육
01 과학교육 기출경향 분석··································································· 776
02 구성주의 과학교육 내용 기출문제 분석··········································· 782
03 과학적 탐구과정 기술 및 태도 기출문제 분석································ 822
04 창의성 기출문제 분석······································································ 842
05 통합적 접근 기출문제 분석····························································· 847
06 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 849
CHAPTER 07-2 수학교육
01 수학교육 기출경향 분석··································································· 878
02 구성주의 수학교육 - 수학적 과정기술 내용 기출문제 분석··········· 884
03 수 개념 기출문제 분석···································································· 890
04 공간과 도형 기출문제 분석······························································ 904
05 비교 및 측정 기출문제 분석··························································· 918
06 규칙성 기출문제 분석······································································ 932
07 분류하기와 자료수집 기출문제 분석················································ 940
08 부록 - 2019 개정 누리과정 이전 내용체제에 따른 문제·············· 948